Nope. Those banana plugs require amplifier power. So you are missing the amp in that setup. The amp will usually take RCA outputs and then you run speaker cable to your speakers. I doubt that going out and buying an amp and all the necessary cabling is a good idea.
Do you intend to use the speakers only for practicing? In that case it pays to get a set of decent monitor speakers. Depending on your budget you could look at something like the M-Audio AV40s (better than the Logitech you have now I am guessing) or KRK Rokit 5s or 6s. And there are plenty of reviews over on the blog for more monitors in all kinds of price ranges.
Buying a pair of small, used, PA speakers is also a cheap option to get started.