Hi there. I own Traktor Pro myself, I believe the settings are similar, but don’t shoot me if I’m wrong.
To make your track come out of your headphones:
Open the preferences menu (the little gear in the top right corner). Click on “Audio Setup”, make sure the Audio Device is set to Mixtrack Pro.
Then click on “Output Routing” in the list on the left. Make sure the box that says Internal is checked under “Mixing Mode”. Under “Output Monitor” set your left and right channel to “Output Back” (L for Left, R for Right).
Under “Output Master” set your left and right channel to “Output Front” (It’s been a while since I sold my Mixtrack, so I might be wrong about the names of the output settings, if it doesn’t work, try switching them over).
Then load up a track in a deck and press the cue button, and you should be getting audio out of your headphones.
EDIT:
Forgot the sample decks:
Once again, open the preferences. Go to “Decks layout” and uncheck “Enable C&D” (once again, I’m not if this is how it works in Traktor Duo, but I don’t see why it shouldn’t)